Dr Wendy Healthcare ExpertKategorie: Eko i zdrowie, Rozwój, Polityka Liczba wpisów: 2, liczba wizyt: 1655 |
Nadesłane przez: DrWendy dnia 28-07-2022 10:06
People with autoimmune disease are often frustrated by the lack of conventional treatment options and impatient with their doctors, who offer little help. Many take matters into their own hands, drafting a decision tree for a course of tests and medications. One of Joe Person's suggestions is to take an antimalarial drug called hydroxychloroquine, which has reduced the severity of his lupus symptoms and may be useful for easing other autoimmune diseases as well.
In some patients, steroids are the mainstay of treatment for autoimmune diseases. Steroids block the production of the cytokines that rouse a vast army of immune cells. However, this type of treatment has its drawbacks. In addition to the potential side effects, steroids can also be expensive and are only an option for some patients. In such cases, it's essential to discuss the cost of autoimmune disease treatments with your doctor before deciding which one to try.
Another option is traditional Chinese medicine. While western medicine has the best research, traditional Chinese medicine has an entirely different approach to disease management. Generally, the treatments in this system target the affected areas to encourage natural healing. The use of massage can help target the affected area while increasing whole-body circulation and relieving stress. Floating can also help relax the body, deafening the senses and calming the neurons in the joints.
Autoimmune Immune Disease Treatment Research
Research at Boston Children's Hospital is dedicated to discovering new ways to treat autoimmune disease. Researchers there are working on developing new techniques to identify rogue immune cells that are responsible for the symptoms in Sjogren's syndrome. Once these discoveries are validated by clinical trials, targeted treatment may be possible. The next frontier in autoimmune disease research is precision medicine. And in the meantime, a new stem cell therapy to treat the symptoms Autoimmune disease is expected to be approved in the US sometime in 2025.
Causes of autoimmune disease
While autoimmune diseases are largely hereditary, their rise in the last 30 years has been attributed to environmental factors, including changes in our lifestyle and environment. Low levels of vitamin D and common viral infections are linked to the onset of multiple sclerosis. Fast food consumption is also attributed to a change in the gut microbiome, which amplifies the effects of inflammation. Air pollution is another risk factor.
One treatment option is gene therapy, which involves introducing functional genes into the body. This treatment option can either inactivate or replace defective genes. A similar approach may be used with mesenchymal stem cells, which have been known to be multipotent and anti-inflammatory. Studies in humans are attempting to pinpoint the role of stem cells in the development of autoimmune diseases. PD-1, a protein on immune cells, is also associated with autoimmune disease. Impaired functioning of PD-1 is a major contributing factor to autoimmune diseases.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of autoimmune disease is a complex process, and it can be difficult to pinpoint exactly what a patient is suffering from. Diagnosis of autoimmune disease often requires a combination of blood tests, a detailed examination, and observation over time. Blood tests, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and other tests, can detect autoimmune conditions. However, these tests are only part of the workup and are not always enough to confirm a diagnosis.
Because the symptoms of autoimmune diseases are so similar, it can be difficult to pinpoint a specific autoimmune disease. It is best to treat the underlying cause, and seek proper diagnosis from a physician who specializes in autoimmune diseases. Several tests can help in determining the exact diagnosis, and many doctors also refer patients to specialists who can help with specific treatments. This makes diagnosis easier and allows for prompt treatment.
The onset of symptoms varies for different people, but it is important to know the type of autoimmune disease you are suffering from. Some people with a specific autoimmune disease will experience joint pain, fever, and joint swelling. Other autoimmune diseases, such as vasculitis, may manifest themselves in another organ system or may not show any symptoms at all. If these symptoms are present, your physician will likely recommend a thorough blood test.
Inflammation is the underlying cause of autoimmune diseases. Your immune system reacts to foreign invaders by attacking healthy tissues. This inflammation causes swelling. This swelling affects many organs, including the joints, muscles, lungs, heart, and brain. Inflammation can lead to pain, fever, and a range of other symptoms, including an inability to exercise, loss of body connection, and joint discomfort.
Antibody levels in your blood are important indicators of an autoimmune disease. Elevated levels of this protein are a sign of tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. A diagnosis of autoimmune disease is difficult, and several blood tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis. But, these tests are only one part of the puzzle, and can't rule out other conditions. So, it's important to discuss your symptoms and medical history with your healthcare provider to narrow down your possibilities.
There are 80 different autoimmune diseases, which range in severity from mild to debilitating. Women are more likely to develop autoimmune diseases than men, which is partly attributed to sex hormones. While they can be treated, there is no cure. Symptoms of autoimmune disease may include abdominal pain and diarrhoea. You should seek medical attention immediately if any of these symptoms appear.
There is no cure for autoimmune diseases, and the best way to treat it is through a combination of supplements and medications, or by suppressing the immune system. For the most part, rheumatologists use medication and physical therapy as the only ways to treat autoimmune disease. Although these methods are effective, they are not perfect and are not reliable. For a definitive diagnosis, however, your doctor should order diagnostic tests.
Signs
Autoimmune diseases are not always apparent, but they can have significant implications on your health. Signs of autoimmune disease include digestive problems like constipation, diarrhoea and bloating. Because your body doesn't receive enough nutrients, you may feel fatigued and run down. Mood changes are another sign of autoimmune disease. You may have panic attacks, anxiety or depression, or lose interest in hobbies or activities you once enjoyed.
How the immune system works
The immune system is designed to defend our bodies from harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses. To fight off these foreign invaders, the immune system produces antibodies against these antigens. These antibodies can destroy these harmful objects. Unfortunately, autoimmune diseases interfere with this normal function. In these cases, the immune system is unable to distinguish between foreign and healthy tissues, and in some cases, the body will actually attack normal tissue.
Several other symptoms of autoimmune disease are common to those suffering from the condition. One of the first signs of autoimmune disease is fatigue. You may experience too much or too little sleep, as well as frequent trips to the bathroom. Other symptoms include digestive problems, including poor absorption of nutrients. Another prominent symptom is skin change. Inflammation can lead to skin problems, such as acne. Symptoms may vary, but most of the time, an early symptom will be fatigue.
What triggers autoimmune disease?
Another symptom of autoimmune disease is rashes or itching. The skin is a good indicator of internal health. The rashes may be accompanied by redness and itching. Other signs of autoimmune disease are extreme pain, swollen muscles or joint pain. As a rule, your body's response to a foreign substance could trigger an autoimmune disease. A Naturopathic Doctor can help you determine which symptoms you are experiencing.
While there are many symptoms of autoimmune diseases, most have similar early symptoms. Some are general and may be associated with an underlying condition. Joint pain and muscle aches are common signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Inflammation of the thyroid gland is another common symptom of autoimmune disease. These symptoms should not be overlooked, however. Even though symptoms may be difficult to identify, blood tests can provide an accurate diagnosis. If you have a blood test, auto-antibodies and inflammation of the organs may help identify autoimmunity.
Another sign of autoimmune disease is fatigue. Many people experience fatigue when dealing with autoimmune disorders. This is due to the widespread inflammation that affects many different parts of the body, affecting oxygen supply, metabolism and mood. Moreover, symptoms may vary in severity and duration. Symptoms of autoimmune disease can affect many aspects of life, including the skin and the joints. Even children with the same symptoms may experience a variety of discomforts.
Nadesłane przez: DrWendy dnia 26-06-2022 10:27
Among neurodegenerative diseases, MND has been associated with excessive accumulation of free radicals. These highly reactive molecules accumulate in the body and contribute to the development and progression of diseases and aging. They are also involved in the process of cell degeneration and oxidative stress. Therefore, the accumulation of free radicals is thought to be a key factor in the development of MND. Several studies have suggested that SOD1G93A mutations lead to lung impairment in MND patients.
Post-polio syndrome (PLS) is often mistaken for ALS. This condition affects polio survivors decades after recovery from polio. In such patients, the motor neurons surviving after the infection increase the size of the muscle they control. Those who develop PLS may develop lower motor neuron disease in the future, changing their diagnosis to ALS. In such a case, neurologists follow the patient for four years before they diagnose PLS as ALS.
Increasing age: The prevalence of ALS in the US is increasing. A national survey showed that a US prevalence of 5.0 cases per 100,000 was associated with an increase in incidence in the 70-79 age group. However, there was no change in the prevalence of the disease in the youngest age band. Males were more likely to have the disease than females. A national survey is an excellent way to gather important information about the condition.
Diagnosis of Motor Neuron Disease and ALS: Symptoms and treatment options are available. The Motor Neuron Disease Association provides regional and international resources. Its database lists local and overseas support groups, as well as a comprehensive list of symptoms and classifications of motor neuron disease and ALS. They also provide information for patients and families. The organization also provides answers to frequently asked questions related to motor neuron disease.
MND & PLS
While the exact cause of PLS is unknown, it is believed that motor neuron disease is a contributing factor. In PLS, muscle weakness, spasticity, and overactive reflexes occur due to degeneration of upper motor neurons, the nerve cells that control voluntary movements. While the exact cause of PLS is not known, the condition typically affects people in their 50s or younger. Because it is progressive, symptoms will typically worsen over time.
While both PLS and ALS are caused by mutations in the ALS2 gene, neither technique has sufficient sensitivity or specificity to confirm the diagnosis. A genetic test can rule out ALS in up to 10% of cases, but there is still no surefire way to diagnose PLS. Genetic counseling and a genetic test may be necessary if a patient has PLS. And if they're both genetically predisposed, a genetic test may be necessary.
The updated consensus diagnostic criteria can facilitate earlier diagnosis of PLS. The new criteria will also help reduce diagnostic delay, optimize therapeutic trial design, and catalyse development of disease-modifying therapies. However, if PLS remains undiagnosed, it may represent a new category of disease requiring a new therapeutic intervention. In order to avoid such a situation, it's crucial to identify all potential causes of the condition.
Although there is no clear answer as to why PLS occurs, the fact that most affected individuals are adolescent, young adult, and male is consistent. Despite the slow progression of the disease, most investigators would classify it as ALS. A slow progression of PLS, unlike ALS, gives affected individuals more time to adapt to the disease. However, this also increases the burden on caregivers.
MND and Spinal muscular atrophy
One of the most common inherited disorders of the motor neurons in the human body is spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA. The disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the SMN protein, which is responsible for controlling the motor neurons. The disease causes a dramatic reduction in SMN protein, which is required to maintain the function of motor neurons. The loss of motor neurons causes muscle weakness and a lack of muscle tone. Since the majority of voluntary muscles are controlled by these motor neurons, their loss is the cause of the disease.
There are several types of SMA, including XL-SMA (suppressed muscle tone), a form of classic SMA with a severe neuromuscular disorder characterized by congenital hypotonia and areflexia, and loss of anterior horn cells. Patients with this disorder have a genetic mutation in the UBA1 gene and are generally unprogressive. They tend to develop dystonia later in life and have slow progression of SMA.
Although SMN is essential for the survival of the motor neurons in the brain, researchers are still seeking ways to restore SMN protein in mice with SMA. Although restoring SMN protein levels in mice with SMA may extend the life span of the animals, it has only modest effects on survival and weight gain. To develop an effective therapeutic strategy, researchers must understand the underlying pathology of SMA.
Diagnosing MND involves genetic testing, metabolic tests, biochemical analysis, and electromyography. Muscle biopsy is also an important tool in identifying SMA. SMA is a devastating disease for both children and adults. However, there are many treatments available for the condition. If you suspect you or someone you know has SMA, you should seek medical attention immediately. While no specific treatment will cure SMA, it can improve the condition and improve quality of life.
Chitotriosidase levels
Researchers have identified the role of chitotriosidase levels in ALS. Chitotriosidase is a putative biomarker of microglial activation, which may facilitate disease diagnosis, staging, and prediction. The present study evaluated 316 patients with ALS and a range of motor neuron diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ALS mimics.
The study evaluated participants with and without ALS, as well as controls and at-risk individuals. The participants with ALS and those with the gene carrier group were significantly older than those without the disease. Age was not significantly associated with chitinase levels, nor was it associated with sex. Researchers also found no significant differences in chitinase levels in asymptomatic and at-risk groups. Chitotriosidase activity was associated with age, but the two groups were not significantly different.
Moreover, patients with MND have abnormalities in the immune system, including dysregulation of a protective anti-inflammatory response. As a result, the protective anti-inflammatory response is inefficient, causing the neurodegenerative process to progress. Evidence indicates that chitotriosidase levels in motor neuron disease are associated with the dysfunction of T-helper type 2 cells and glial cells.
The study was supported by the Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India. The control CSF was obtained from the Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopedic Centre, Bangalore, and Harsha HC is a Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Early Career Fellow. He will present his results at the upcoming ALS Annual Meeting in London. If this study reveals a link between chitotriosidase and ALS, it will help the research community find a better treatment for this devastating motor neuron disease.
The present study also suggests that chitotriosidase levels are associated with ALS. The protein level of CHIT1, chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2), and osteopontin showed upregulation in patients with ALS. In contrast, CHIT-1 was upregulated in ALS-CSF, while CHIT-3L1 and CHI3L2 levels showed no significant differences. Chitotriosidase is involved in the development and maintenance of motor neuron disease.
Treatment options for MND
Motor neuron disease affects the nerve cells in the spinal cord, brain stem, and upper legs. This condition results in muscle weakness and spasms. It doesn't affect touch, smell, or hearing, and has no effect on the person's intelligence or personality. Some people suffering from this condition may also develop frontotemporal dementia, a complication that impairs the patient's personality.
For people with this condition, treatment options vary greatly. For mild to moderate pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can be used. Opiate-based painkillers are used for more severe pain. Another treatment option for MND is stem cell therapy which uses neural cells to treat symtpoms. This regenerative therapy is effective in controlling pain, but may have drowsiness as a side effect. Breathing problems are often the first sign of motor neuron disease, and are generally developed slowly.
Because there's no single test for motor neuron disease, it's important to seek a neurological doctor if you suspect that you may be developing the disorder. Genetic counselling can help you learn more about your risk factors for the disease. Often, a diagnosis of motor neuron disease is difficult at the earliest stage, so it may be necessary to observe the symptoms for weeks or months before the disease progresses.
As symptoms of motor neuron disease can mimic those of other conditions, a general physician may refer you to a neurologist for further evaluation. A neurologist will review your physical and medical history to make a proper diagnosis. Nerve conduction tests and electromyography are common tests used to measure electrical activity in the muscles and the speed at which cell signals travel through the body. Genetic tests may also be performed to screen for genetic mutations associated with MND.